diff --git a/backend-node/src/controllers/approvalController.ts b/backend-node/src/controllers/approvalController.ts
index b96d1dc2..a63c8196 100644
--- a/backend-node/src/controllers/approvalController.ts
+++ b/backend-node/src/controllers/approvalController.ts
@@ -166,11 +166,15 @@ export class ApprovalDefinitionController {
 
       fields.push(`updated_by = $${idx++}`, `updated_at = NOW()`);
       params.push(req.user?.userId || "system");
+
+      // WHERE 절 파라미터 인덱스를 미리 계산 (쿼리 문자열 내 idx++ 호출 순서 보장)
+      const idIdx = idx++;
+      const ccIdx = idx++;
       params.push(id, companyCode);
 
       const [row] = await query<any>(
         `UPDATE approval_definitions SET ${fields.join(", ")}
-         WHERE definition_id = $${idx++} AND company_code = $${idx++} RETURNING *`,
+         WHERE definition_id = $${idIdx} AND company_code = $${ccIdx} RETURNING *`,
         params
       );
 
@@ -395,11 +399,16 @@ export class ApprovalTemplateController {
         if (definition_id !== undefined) { fields.push(`definition_id = $${idx++}`); params.push(definition_id); }
         if (is_active !== undefined) { fields.push(`is_active = $${idx++}`); params.push(is_active); }
         fields.push(`updated_by = $${idx++}`, `updated_at = NOW()`);
-        params.push(userId, id, companyCode);
+        params.push(userId);
+
+        // WHERE 절 파라미터 인덱스를 미리 계산
+        const tmplIdx = idx++;
+        const ccIdx = idx++;
+        params.push(id, companyCode);
 
         const { rows } = await client.query(
           `UPDATE approval_line_templates SET ${fields.join(", ")}
-           WHERE template_id = $${idx++} AND company_code = $${idx++} RETURNING *`,
+           WHERE template_id = $${tmplIdx} AND company_code = $${ccIdx} RETURNING *`,
           params
         );
         result = rows[0];
@@ -597,6 +606,18 @@ export class ApprovalRequestController {
       }
 
       const offset = (parseInt(page as string) - 1) * parseInt(limit as string);
+
+      // 카운트 쿼리는 LIMIT/OFFSET 파라미터 없이 실행
+      const countParams = [...params];
+      const [countRow] = await query<any>(
+        `SELECT COUNT(*) as total FROM approval_requests r
+         WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}`,
+        countParams
+      );
+
+      // LIMIT/OFFSET 파라미터 인덱스를 미리 계산
+      const limitIdx = idx++;
+      const offsetIdx = idx++;
       params.push(parseInt(limit as string), offset);
 
       const rows = await query<any>(
@@ -605,18 +626,10 @@ export class ApprovalRequestController {
          LEFT JOIN approval_definitions d ON r.definition_id = d.definition_id AND r.company_code = d.company_code
          WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}
          ORDER BY r.created_at DESC
-         LIMIT $${idx++} OFFSET $${idx++}`,
+         LIMIT $${limitIdx} OFFSET $${offsetIdx}`,
         params
       );
 
-      // 전체 건수 조회
-      const countParams = params.slice(0, params.length - 2);
-      const [countRow] = await query<any>(
-        `SELECT COUNT(*) as total FROM approval_requests r
-         WHERE ${conditions.join(" AND ")}`,
-        countParams
-      );
-
       return res.json({
         success: true,
         data: rows,
@@ -691,6 +704,9 @@ export class ApprovalRequestController {
         return res.status(400).json({ success: false, message: "제목과 대상 테이블은 필수입니다." });
       }
 
+      // target_record_id는 NOT NULL 컬럼이므로 빈 값은 기본값으로 대체
+      const safeTargetRecordId = target_record_id || "0";
+
       const userId = req.user?.userId || "system";
       const userName = req.user?.userName || "";
       const deptName = req.user?.deptName || "";
@@ -727,7 +743,7 @@ export class ApprovalRequestController {
                       $7, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12, $7, NOW())
             RETURNING *`,
             [
-              title, description, definition_id, target_table, target_record_id || null,
+              title, description, definition_id, target_table, safeTargetRecordId,
               JSON.stringify(mergedRecordData),
               userId, userName, deptName,
               screen_id, button_component_id, companyCode,
@@ -841,7 +857,7 @@ export class ApprovalRequestController {
           ) VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, 1, $8, $9, $10, $11, $12, $13, $14, $15)
           RETURNING *`,
           [
-            title, description, definition_id, target_table, target_record_id || null,
+            title, description, definition_id, target_table, safeTargetRecordId,
             JSON.stringify(mergedRecordData), initialStatus, totalSteps, storedApprovalType,
             userId, userName, deptName,
             screen_id, button_component_id, companyCode,
diff --git a/run-playwright-test.sh b/run-playwright-test.sh
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c998006e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/run-playwright-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cd /Users/gbpark/ERP-node
+./node_modules/.bin/playwright test ".agent-pipeline/browser-tests/e2e-test.spec.ts" --config=".agent-pipeline/browser-tests/playwright.config.ts" --reporter=line 2>&1 | tee /tmp/playwright-result.txt
+echo "EXIT_CODE: $?" >> /tmp/playwright-result.txt